Regeneración de plantas de Agave marmorata, en un sistema de inmersión temporal, vía organogénesis y embriogénesis somática

Abstract

The genus Agave has social, cultural, environmental and economic importance in Mexico. Approximately 15 species of agave have been used as raw material for the elaboration of mescal, among them is Agave marmorata Roelz, considered the longest-lived agave for the preparation of mescal due to its maturation period of 20 to 35 years. In vitro propagation of agave is a technique that allows plants to be obtained via organogenesis (O) and/ or somatic embryogenesis (ES) in a short time. The quality and quantity of plants propagated by these pathways can be favored with the use of Temporary Immersion Systems (SIT). Objective. The objective of the present investigation was to establish a protocol for the regeneration of A. marmorata plants by means of Temporary Immersion Systems, via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Methodology. Two regeneration pathways were evaluated, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. For the first, the effect of SIT on explant sprouting and growth was determined. For the latest the germination and growth rate of somatic embryos in SIT was evaluated. Results. The best treatment in the sprouting stage was obtained with 80 explants cultured in SIT on an immersion frequency of 8 hours and an immersion time of 2 minutes, achieving 84% response rate, 17.5 shoots/explant with a height 1 cm. The best growth of the explants originating from the organogenesis was obtained with 180 cultured explants per bottle at a frequency of immersion of 8 hours and 2 min of immersion. The growth of the explants from somatic embryogenesis was converted with 80 somatic embryos cultured into SIT with a frequency of 8 hours. Conclusions. The efficiency of the use of SIT in the regeneration of agave plants via organogenesis and embryogenesis to somatic was determinated.